den arabischen Originaltext der offiziellen Ausgabe des Korans in der schönen osmanischen Handschrift (emphasis added)the original text in the official edition of the qurʾān in its beautiful Ottoman handwritingThis is as grotesque as taking the set pages of the Syrian Auqāf Ministry muṣḥaf for handwritten. Here a demonstration of its technical character: And there UT edition that claim not to be by ʿUṯmān Ṭaha, because Šiʿites so much abhor the three usurpator khalifs, that they can bear that an Abu Bakr, ʿUmār or ʿUṯmān dis something positive ‒
Showing posts with label UT0. Show all posts
Showing posts with label UT0. Show all posts
Wednesday, 11 December 2024
UT but not UT
I do not believe what is said or written.
I prefer to look for myself.
Here a page by ʿUṯmān Ṭaha OR they say:
wa-nāla šarafa kitābatihi al-ḫaṭāṭ ʿuṯmānu ṭāha suggesting that he wrote it,
but it is made with a open type font:
To remind you: UT0 is a true rendering of KFE II on 604 berkenar pages with five minor mistakes.
the two roundels in the sura title box are UT's invention, the information is in the KFE but not in separate roundels,
Madina eliminates them, the Syrian Auqāf Ministry Muṣḥaf of about 2016 has them differently.
In 2:72, Madina and the Syrian ministry put the hamza on a dagger: a invention in a Ḥafṣ muṣāḥaf ‒ neither in KFE nor in UT0 (or added by hand).
In the last (three) line(s): two of the mistakes:
the Auqaf ministry has the fatha, in one of my UT0 copies the owner has added it;
the Auqaf ministry muṣḥaf has the dagger, one of my copies has UT's alif;
the other early print has a dagger, but one sees the space where the alif was in UT's handwritten original (اصله)
So the modern Syrian print it neither UT0, nor UT1 (the first Madina version), but a muṣḥaf set in UT's handwriting on a computer.
Both the Ǧaʿfar Bey type of the Amīriyya and ʿUṯmān Ṭaha's writing are poor in stacked ligatures,
and never place harakāt before or after its letter. I call that "baseline oriented"; it is Nasḫ.
Hence some of the Egyptians who saw the muṣḥaf thought they had pictures of handwritten pages in their hands.
Therefore the phrase "he (al-Ḥusainī) wrote the book" was changed into "... wrote the model (اصله) of the book in his writing".
Almost seventy years later the expert translator and commentator Adel Theodor Khoury wrote in each of his eight volume commentary (1990-2001) that it included
Monday, 30 September 2024
UT0 (UT1 UT2 UT3)
It is common knowledge that the King Fuʾād Edition of the Ḥafṣ qirāʾa was an immediate success
in the Muslim world. Common knowledge, but not true. Orientalists bought it, but hardly an Egyptian
because with almost 850 big pages it is too bulky ‒ they prefered the edition written by
Muṣṭafā Naẓīf Qadirġalī on 522 pages. Because the government pushed the new orthography, adaptations of the old muṣḥaf with 15 lines on 522 pages but
with the new orthography were published.
Later Aḥmad Šamarlī paid Muḥammad Saʿd Ibrāhīm al-Ḥaddād to copy the MNQ line by line but in the 1952 orthography (I call Q52) and printed it in different sizes and with different covers.
In 1976 the Government produced a type set muṣḥaf on 525 pages. So, althought the King Fuʾād Edition was not a bestseller, its orthographies G24 and Q52 were established in Egypt within sixty years.
But for the Andalusian orthography of Ḥafṣ to conquer the Arab world, the genius of a scribe and some oil money were needed. ʿUṯmān Ṭaha had learned calligraphy in Aleppo and Istanbul, were Hamid Aytaç / Ḥāmid al-Āmidī taught him. In Damascus he met Hāšim Muḥammad al-Ḫaṭṭāt al-Baġdādī.
He works precisely, not artistically, he follows the lead of the KFE by using stacked forms (earlier letters above later ones) only if and when the vowel signs can be places exactly above or below its seat, and each letter being always the same ‒ swash forms of rāʾ, zai, kāf, elongated nūn and end yāʾ being the exception.
ad-Dār aš-Šāmiyya li'l-Maʻārif bi-al-ištirāk maʻa Maktabah Dār al-Mallāḥ, Dimašq, 11399/1979
ad-Dār aš-Šamiyya li'l-Maʿarif bi-Dimašq, Dimašq 21983
Although his manuscript got several seals of being without mistakes (see above), it had three minor mistakes; apart from them it is a faithful reproduction of Q52, the text of the KFE of 1952 with all its features (notably pause signs).
I call all versions that have one to three of these mistakes "ʿŪṯmān Ṭaha 0" (UT0) to mark the difference to the Madina prints in which these mistakes are corrected plus two innovations! So from 1405/1985 the KFC prints UT1 without the mistakes, and many publisher around the world reproduce the Madina text, e.g. Baḥrain and Dār al-Maʿrif (both taǧwīd and readings other than Ḥafṣ).
As Muḥammad Hozien has pointed out, there are three different styles printed by the KFC. I call them UT1, UT2 and UT3
But first UT0, the versions with scribal errors.
On page 11 and 567 there is no error, just differences to the 1985 Madina editon. Here
UT0 follows the KFE 52, but Madina (KFC) changes the writing: putting the hamzaʾ on a small alif
a practice common in Tunisian manuscripts and prints of Qālūn.
Next a sukūn/ǧazm is "missing" on a final he
it was not a mistake by UT, but one of the changes by the KFC in Madina (like in 2:72 p.11, and 88:22 p.593). The KFEs and UT0 assimilate
the final hā' to the initial ha' of the next verse. the KFC in Madina has the hāʾ pronounced without assimilation (p.567:)
on the next page a fatha WAS missing, someone added it with a blue pen above the mīm:
/riʾāʾa/ in 2:264 is a different problem. Indians, Indonesians and Maġribians put the first hamza on a (dotless) yāʾ; since 1439/2018 KFC lets it hover after the dotless yāʾ; the rasm authorities are silent about the word. Otto Pretzl declared that it was a mistake in KFE to write it one way in 4:38 and 8:47, but another in 2:264. ad-Dānī and Ibn Naǧāḥ are silent.
The Kuwaiti print of 1429/2008 was the first UT with /riʾāʾa/ written the same at all three occurences. KFC followed with UT3 in 1439/2018:
Just like al-Ḥusainī al-Ḥaddād in 1924, al-Muḫallalātī in 1890 some like this, other like that.
on the next page we have هٰذان instead of هٰذٰن :
here a sukūn/ǧazm is missing on a final he
but this was not a mistake by UT, but one of the changes by the KFC in Madina (like in 2:72, and 88:22)
here at the end of the second but last line there is a lazim sign (م) that shoudn't be there
on the bottom of the next page the missing sukūn was added:
Here the big alif is replace by a dagger, but one sees the larger than necessry space.
Let me summarize:
ʿUṯmān Ṭaha made four mistakes when he wanted to write Q52 in the berKenar layout:
in 2:121 (p.19) a fatḥa (in /man/) is missing,
in 18:97 (p.203) a ǧazm/sukūn is missing,
in 20:63 (p.210) he wrote /hāḏāni/ like in 22:19 with a full alif instead with an alif ḥanǧārīya.
in 111:4 there is small mīm (lāzim) which does not belong there.
In the six years between 1399/1879 and 1404/1985 when the KFC published UT1, there were five Damascus publisher, a Riyaḍ publisher, one in Istanbul an one in Tehrān publishing UT0. Two of which (Çağrı und Dār Ibn kaṯīr) continued publishing the original UT0 even after 1985, which most switched to UT1 of which KFC made high resolution images and vector files available free of charge.
In 2:264 there is a mistake in KFE: hamza sits on the tooth instead of after it (as in 4:38 and 8:47) ‒ a mistake Otto Pretzl had spotted at once.
In 73:20 KFE and UT have الن, but Madina/KFC have:ان لن .
Madina/KFC made two more changes from UT1 on:
in 2:72 (p.11) they put an alif ḥanǧārīya underneath an hamza, an innovation in a Ḥafṣ copy.
in 69:28 they added saktah and ǧazm and deleted the šadda over the heh of the next word (in the next verse).
And in 8:22 the deleted the small sīn below the ṣād in the second edition of UT1!
In the next two pages I compare UTo with UT1:
in the titel boxes most information is gone
the numbers (1 to 114) ‒ both in the page header and in the title boxes ‒ are gone
the pause لا signs are gone: the last mistake, the mīm/lazim that should not be there:
دار الجيل Bayrūt Lubnān 2-1983
Dār al-Ḫayr, Bayrūt, 4-1402/[4-1982]
ترجمة نور الدين بن محمود ; مراجعة وتصحيح فوزي شعبان ; نال شرف كتابته الخطاط عثمان طه, ابن محمود، نور الدين / tarjamat Nūr al-Dīn ibn Maḥmūd ; murājaʿah wa taṣḥīḥ Fawzī Shaʿbān ; nāla sharaf kitābatih al-khaṭṭāṭ ʿUthmān Ṭāhā., Nūr al-Dīn. Ibn Maḥmūd دار الفكر, [Bayrūt?] 1984
Later Aḥmad Šamarlī paid Muḥammad Saʿd Ibrāhīm al-Ḥaddād to copy the MNQ line by line but in the 1952 orthography (I call Q52) and printed it in different sizes and with different covers.
In 1976 the Government produced a type set muṣḥaf on 525 pages. So, althought the King Fuʾād Edition was not a bestseller, its orthographies G24 and Q52 were established in Egypt within sixty years.
But for the Andalusian orthography of Ḥafṣ to conquer the Arab world, the genius of a scribe and some oil money were needed. ʿUṯmān Ṭaha had learned calligraphy in Aleppo and Istanbul, were Hamid Aytaç / Ḥāmid al-Āmidī taught him. In Damascus he met Hāšim Muḥammad al-Ḫaṭṭāt al-Baġdādī.
He works precisely, not artistically, he follows the lead of the KFE by using stacked forms (earlier letters above later ones) only if and when the vowel signs can be places exactly above or below its seat, and each letter being always the same ‒ swash forms of rāʾ, zai, kāf, elongated nūn and end yāʾ being the exception.
ad-Dār aš-Šāmiyya li'l-Maʻārifad-Dār aš-Šāmiyya li'l-Maʻārif
He copied the qurʾānic text (not the taʿrīf) of the KFE of 1952 (i.e. the Moroccanly written text of al-Ḥusainī al-Ḥaddād al-Mālikī with the modifications (esp. pause signs) by ʿAlī Muḥammad aḍ-Ḍabbāʿ) with even less stacked forms on 604 pages as made common by Haǧǧ Ḥāfiẓ ʿUṯmān Ḫalīfa QayišZāde an-Nūrī al-Burdurī (d. 1894) (each ǧuz ‒ except the last because of the many sura title boxes ‒ on twenty pages, all verses ending in the bottom left corner including 2:282) ‒ this template is called ber kenar/one edge/corner in Turkish (pojok in Indonesian) and maḫtūm in Arabic. الدار الشامية للمعارف بالإشتراك مع مكتبة دار الملاح, دمشق ١٣٩٩ ١٩٧٩,ad-Dār aš-Šāmiyya li'l-Maʻārif bi-al-ištirāk maʻa Maktabah Dār al-Mallāḥ, Dimašq, 11399/1979
ad-Dār aš-Šamiyya li'l-Maʿarif bi-Dimašq, Dimašq 21983
Although his manuscript got several seals of being without mistakes (see above), it had three minor mistakes; apart from them it is a faithful reproduction of Q52, the text of the KFE of 1952 with all its features (notably pause signs).
I call all versions that have one to three of these mistakes "ʿŪṯmān Ṭaha 0" (UT0) to mark the difference to the Madina prints in which these mistakes are corrected plus two innovations! So from 1405/1985 the KFC prints UT1 without the mistakes, and many publisher around the world reproduce the Madina text, e.g. Baḥrain and Dār al-Maʿrif (both taǧwīd and readings other than Ḥafṣ).
As Muḥammad Hozien has pointed out, there are three different styles printed by the KFC. I call them UT1, UT2 and UT3
But first UT0, the versions with scribal errors.
On page 11 and 567 there is no error, just differences to the 1985 Madina editon. Here
UT0 follows the KFE 52, but Madina (KFC) changes the writing: putting the hamzaʾ on a small alif
a practice common in Tunisian manuscripts and prints of Qālūn.
Next a sukūn/ǧazm is "missing" on a final he
it was not a mistake by UT, but one of the changes by the KFC in Madina (like in 2:72 p.11, and 88:22 p.593). The KFEs and UT0 assimilate
the final hā' to the initial ha' of the next verse. the KFC in Madina has the hāʾ pronounced without assimilation (p.567:)
on the next page a fatha WAS missing, someone added it with a blue pen above the mīm:
/riʾāʾa/ in 2:264 is a different problem. Indians, Indonesians and Maġribians put the first hamza on a (dotless) yāʾ; since 1439/2018 KFC lets it hover after the dotless yāʾ; the rasm authorities are silent about the word. Otto Pretzl declared that it was a mistake in KFE to write it one way in 4:38 and 8:47, but another in 2:264. ad-Dānī and Ibn Naǧāḥ are silent.The Kuwaiti print of 1429/2008 was the first UT with /riʾāʾa/ written the same at all three occurences. KFC followed with UT3 in 1439/2018:
Just like al-Ḥusainī al-Ḥaddād in 1924, al-Muḫallalātī in 1890 some like this, other like that.
on the next page we have هٰذان instead of هٰذٰن :
here a sukūn/ǧazm is missing on a final he
but this was not a mistake by UT, but one of the changes by the KFC in Madina (like in 2:72, and 88:22)
here at the end of the second but last line there is a lazim sign (م) that shoudn't be there
The Istanbul Çağrı Yayınları ...
... publishes many translations with UT0 next to the translation, till today with only one of the mistakes corrected.
on the bottom of the next page the missing sukūn was added:
Tehran 1404/1982
Here the big alif is replace by a dagger, but one sees the larger than necessry space.Dār al-Faiḥāʾ 1400/1980
Maktabat al-Ġazzālī 1409/1989
Mu'asasa ʿulūm al-qurʾān (with Dar aš-Šāmalīya) 1404/1984
Dār Ibn Kaṯīr 1404/1984
the slipcaseDār Ibn Kaṯīr Tafsīr 1409/1988
WAMY
In the time before Medina/UT1 there is even a UT0 from Suʿudia: the World Association of Muslim Youth in ar-Riʾāḍ published it, likely printed in Damascus by a publisher who have made one before. The WAMY-version has most of the mistakesLet me summarize:
ʿUṯmān Ṭaha made four mistakes when he wanted to write Q52 in the berKenar layout:
in 2:121 (p.19) a fatḥa (in /man/) is missing,
in 18:97 (p.203) a ǧazm/sukūn is missing,
in 20:63 (p.210) he wrote /hāḏāni/ like in 22:19 with a full alif instead with an alif ḥanǧārīya.
in 111:4 there is small mīm (lāzim) which does not belong there.
In the six years between 1399/1879 and 1404/1985 when the KFC published UT1, there were five Damascus publisher, a Riyaḍ publisher, one in Istanbul an one in Tehrān publishing UT0. Two of which (Çağrı und Dār Ibn kaṯīr) continued publishing the original UT0 even after 1985, which most switched to UT1 of which KFC made high resolution images and vector files available free of charge.
In 2:264 there is a mistake in KFE: hamza sits on the tooth instead of after it (as in 4:38 and 8:47) ‒ a mistake Otto Pretzl had spotted at once.
In 73:20 KFE and UT have الن, but Madina/KFC have:ان لن .
Madina/KFC made two more changes from UT1 on:
in 2:72 (p.11) they put an alif ḥanǧārīya underneath an hamza, an innovation in a Ḥafṣ copy.
in 69:28 they added saktah and ǧazm and deleted the šadda over the heh of the next word (in the next verse).
And in 8:22 the deleted the small sīn below the ṣād in the second edition of UT1!
In the next two pages I compare UTo with UT1:
in the titel boxes most information is gone
the numbers (1 to 114) ‒ both in the page header and in the title boxes ‒ are gone
the pause لا signs are gone: the last mistake, the mīm/lazim that should not be there:
دار الجيل Bayrūt Lubnān 2-1983
Dār al-Ḫayr, Bayrūt, 4-1402/[4-1982]
ترجمة نور الدين بن محمود ; مراجعة وتصحيح فوزي شعبان ; نال شرف كتابته الخطاط عثمان طه, ابن محمود، نور الدين / tarjamat Nūr al-Dīn ibn Maḥmūd ; murājaʿah wa taṣḥīḥ Fawzī Shaʿbān ; nāla sharaf kitābatih al-khaṭṭāṭ ʿUthmān Ṭāhā., Nūr al-Dīn. Ibn Maḥmūd دار الفكر, [Bayrūt?] 1984
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