Monday, 30 September 2024
UT0 UT1 UT2 UT3
It is common knowledge that the King Fuʾād Edition of the Ḥafṣ qirāʾa was an immediate success
in the Muslim world. common knowledge, but not true. Orientalists bought it, but hardly an Egyptian
because with almost 850 big pages it is too bulky ‒ they prefered the edition written by
Muṣṭafā Naẓīf Qadirġalī on 522 pages. Because the government pushed the new orthography, adaptations of the old muṣḥaf with 15 lines on 522 pages but
with the new orthography were published. Later Shamarly paid
Muḥammad Saʿd
Ibrāhīm al-Ḥaddād to copy the MNQ line by line but in the new orthography and had it
printed in different sizes and with different covers.
In the Sixties the
Government produced a type set muṣḥaf on 525 pages. So, althought the King Fuʾād Edition was not
a bestseller, its orthography was established in Egypt by 1975.
But for the Andalusian orthography of Ḥafṣ to conquer the Arab world, the genius of a scribe and some
oil money were needed. ʿUṯmān Ṭaha had learned calligraphy in Aleppo and Istanbul, were Hamid Aytaç / Ḥāmid al-Āmidī taught him.
He works precisely, not artistically, he follows the lead of the KFE by using stacked forms (earlier letters above later ones) only if and when the vowel signs can be places exactly
above or below its seat, and each letter being always the same ‒ swash forms of rāʾ, zai, kāf, elongated
nūn and end yāʾ being the exception.
He copied the qurʾānic text (not the taʿrīf) of the KFE of 1952 (i.e. the Moroccan text of al-Ḥusainī al-Ḥaddād al-Mālikī with the modifications (esp. pause signs) by ʿAlī Muḥammad aḍ-Ḍabbāʿ) with even less stacked forms
on 604 pages as made common by Haǧǧ Ḥāfiẓ
ʿUṯmān Ḫalīfa QayišZāde an-Nūrī al-Burdurī (d. 1894) (each ǧuz ‒ except the last because
of the many sura title boxes ‒ on twenty pages, all verses ending in the bottom left corner including 2:282) ‒ this template is called ber kenar/one edge in Turkish and maḫtūm in Arabic.
Although his manuscript got several seals of being without mistakes (see above),
it had five minor mistakes; a part from them it is a faithful reproduction of the KFE of 1952 with all its features (notably pause signs).
I call all versions that have one to five of these mistakes "ʿŪṯmān Ṭaha 0" (UT0) to mark the difference to the Madina prints in which these mistakes are corrected. As Muḥammad Hozien has pointed out, there are three different styles printed by the KFC. I call them UT1, UT2 and UT3
But first UT0, the versions with scribal errors. On page 11 there is no error. I include it only
because UT0 follows the KFE, but Madina (KFC) changes the writing: putting the hamza on a small alif
a practice common in Tunisian manuscripts and prints of Qālūn.
on the next page a fatha WAS missing, the editor added it above the mīm; it is different from
the ones written by UT himself:
on the next page we have هٰذان instead of هٰذٰن :
here a sukūn/ǧazm is missing on a final he
here at the end of the second but last line there is a lazim sign (م) that shoudn't be there
The Istanbul Çağrı publisher publishes many translations with UT0 next to the translation,
till today with only one of the mistakes corrected.
on the bottom of the next page the missing sukūn was added:
Here the big alif is replace by a dagger, but one sees the larger than necessry space.
In the time before Medina/UT1 there is even a UT0 from Suʿudia: the World Association of Muslim Youth in ar-Riʾāḍ published it, likely printed in Damascus by a publisher who have
made one before. The WAMY-version has most of the mistakes
on the next two pages I compare UTo with UT1:
in the titel boxes most information is gone
the numbers (1 to 114) ‒ both in the page header and in the title boxes ‒ are gone
the pause لا signs are gone:
the last mistake, the mīm/lazim that should not be there:
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KFE <--> kfe
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