Wednesday 19 June 2019

Cairo1924 Standard Text Cairo

I am a single issue warrior. I fight against the King Fuad Edition as the Standard Qur'ān.
Corpus Coranicum, Gerd-Rüdiger Puin, and Marijn van Putten are to be con­vinced that they are wrong.
My arguments are of two kinds.
There is no Standard Edition because there are about thirty para­meters going into a muṣḥaf.
Gizeh 1924/ KFE/ Official Egyptian Print is a bad choice because of mis­takes.

Gizeh 1924—the edition Corpus Coranicum displays as the refe­rence and uses as the basis for its elec­tronic text—is bad because
‒ the use of matres lectionis is ill-defined (MOSTLY Ibn Naǧāḥ, but about 5% ad-Dānī, no reasons given, and no list published).
      the Lybian muṣḥaf follows 100% ad-Dānī,
      other Maghrebian editions follow al-Ḫarrāz, which is mostly Ibn Naǧāḥ
      Indonesia and Iran make their own mix, but at least lists are published with their choices.
      It is known that Qaṭar's and Saʿudia's rasms differ at one point each from Cairo1952.
      Nobody has given reasons for the cases, where Cairo follows ad-Dānī (not Ibn Naǧāḥ),

‒ the signalling of mute vowel letters is "too Arab", i.e. whereas missing leng­thening is always corrected by a small vowel letter, the short­en­ing (i.e. ignoring) of a vowel letter is only marked when it is "not obvious", i.e. when it is not because of a closed syllable, but for reasons of rhyme.
Many editions do not have extra signs for cor­rect­ing the length of a vowel, but Iranian, Indo­nesian, Indian editions show ALL short­ened vowels as such (or none at all).

‒ whereas Eastern editions write the end of suras as if there is a pause between suras,
    and Western editions as if the next sura follows without pause with the basmala first,
    the 1924 King Fuad Edition writes the end of the sura as if the next sura follows immediately.
This seems to be a mistake, a mistake corrected in 1952, corrected in the Sauʿdi editions and all later Editions.
   
Marijn writes of "Cairo" but he does not see,
that any muṣḥaf consists of
‒ sura (always the same)
‒ sura names (quite different)
‒ sura titel boxes (quite different)
‒ divisions like half, manzil, ǧuz, ḥizb (quite different in different editions)
‒ end of verse, numbers
‒ catch words or not, chronology or not, "amen"or not, omen or not
‒ indication of saǧadāt
‒ reading signs (assimilation, shortening, lenthening, imala ...)
ḥarakāt, tašdīd, madd
‒ the basic text
Although van Putten is interested in the basic text ONLY,
he calls that "Cairo".

The left side is strange: Sura 143 doesn't exist, an-nisāʾ 143 is meant.
What we find in Cairo 46:5 is even stranger:


No trace of the word in question.
What we do find in the verse before looks very different from what van Putten calls "Cairo"

Please call it "Basic Quranic Text" "rasm plus" or anything of the sort.
"Cairo" short for "Gizeh 1924" is not a sceleton, it is a masoretic text!
a bundle of features that make a muṣḥaf!
I am sure you have no idea what "Gizeh 1924" aka "King Fu'ad" is.
You could have taken ANY muṣḥaf in the WORLD (except Turkey and Persia!)!


They all have the same Basic Quranic Text, and that's all that you are interested in here.
So please, stop calling "it" "Cairo"!

Tuesday 18 June 2019

Madd al-Muttasil and Madd al-Munfasil

There are several types of madd sign in the Qurʾān, in South Asian masāhif:

madd al-muttasil
for a longer lengthening of the vowel used withIN a word, and



madd al-munfaṣṣil. before a word that starts with hamza.


And a third extra thick one---madd lāzim ḥarfi (normally six Units long)
over eight of the letters before some suras,

قۤ كۤ لۤ مۤ نۤ سۤ صۤ عۤ
not above all of them!













At the beginning of the Second Sura
one can see that G. Flugel had no idea of qur'ān wirting/printing
He puts a madda sign above the alif too
although it does not belong there.



an Ottoman muṣḥaf (MNQ) with a black madda sign withIN words, red ones at the end of words, when the next words starts with hamza.

and here sniplets from a Persian one (Nairizī):

hier an Indo-Pak muṣḥaf (with different signs):

and an modern Indonesian one:

In the muṣḥaf muʿallim riwāyat Qālūn of Edition Nous-Mêmes in Tunis there are three different madda signs.
The thick one for the "mysterious" letters and within a word (2 madda), the thin/normal one at the end of a word (before hamza) (1 madda):
Note: I am not using the Arab terms -- and warn against them -- because the editors use them differently:

note further:
They have a third madda sign: 1 1/2 madda before a pause.
Since some of the pauses are optional, the lengthening is conditional on the actual pause: when the reader chooses not to pause this a "1 madda"

I guess it would be best to encode four madda signs:
the very long one ‒ used only in the East for the "mysterious" letters
the long one ‒ for lengthening within a word (and the"mysterious" letters)
the longer one ‒ (1 1/2 before pause, seldom used)
the normal one ‒ used at the end of words and in MSA.
The "small madda" should not be used in the data stream, type technology chooses a size according to the letter.

minute things in Maghribian maṣāḥif

I wanted to post about signs used in Maghrebian maṣāḥif resp. in Medina maṣāḥif of readings used in the Maġrib (Warš and Qālūn). I decided...