Sunday, 26 May 2024

India 1870

In that year three editions were published of which the British Library has a copy:
one with the Arabic text, one with the Arabic text plus the Urdu translation of Shah ‘Abd al-Wahhāb Rafi ad-Din ad-Dihlawī (1749‒1818 completed in 1776), one of the sons of Shah Waliullah Dehlavi (1703‒1762).
one with the Persian translation (by his father?) as well.
First the "simple" one by مولوي محبوب ۤلي عبد الحفيظ محمد مخدوم
it has 1113 pages, and has features that occured often between Indonesia and Istanbul, but are not understood by many today.
above on the left margin هـ for (Kufī) 5
خب for Baṣrī 5 -- "Baṣrī" is mostly Baṣri, but can be Šāmi, Ḥimsī, Madanī
يب Baṣri: end of Aya, the opposite of ۵ "heart-5" , so the non-Kufī system disagree
ء a hint to the ruqūʿ ع sign on the right margin
لب Baṣri: no end of aya
on the left: (هـ) 5 or 15 or 25 ...
خب Baṣrī 10 (or 20 or 30 ...)
on the right: these signs refer to text on the right margin and to the rukūʿ sign
last on the right: turned what is written above ۵ لا "šāmī aya": end of verse in the system of Damascus
on the bottom left: 10, 20, 30

تب Baṣrī end of Aya
عب Baṣrī tener
هـ fiver
خب Baṣrī fiver
عب Baṣrī ten
note sign
the first two sign refer to marginal text
5er
Baṣrī tener, no pause


















Next the bilingual version printed in Kanpur (in Oudh/Awadh):
here pages from the threelingual version

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