Tuesday, 12 October 2021

100 years ago

The King Fuʾād Edition of the Ḥafṣ transmission of the Qurʾān is soon cele­brating its 100th anniversary ‒ that's what the Domini­can Insti­tute in Cairo (IDEO) says.
Actually Orientalists are doing it, the edition has nothing to do with the cele­bration.
It is not even there. The two Cairo insti­tutions with func­tioning online catalogs ‒ IDEO and AUC ‒ do not have a copy. And the two insti­tutions that might have one ‒ al-Azhar and the National Library (Dar al-Kutub) ‒ have no online catalogue for the time being.
Fortuately, both the Prussian and the Bavarian Staats­biblothek have a copy of the original print of 1342/1924 (the Bavarian Academy of Sciences has another copy).
The French Biblo­thèque National (BnF) claimed to have five copies printed in 1919.
When I wrote them that this was im­possible, they dis­covered that three of their catalog entries refered to the same physi­cal object and stream­lined it to this:
Originaly they wrote that it was printed in Al-Qāhiraẗ : al-Maṭbaʿaẗ al-Amīriyyaẗ, 1919 القاهرة : المطبعة الأميريّة, 1919 But in their copy one can read
المطبعة العربية ١١ شارع اللبودية درب الجماميز Šārʿ Darb al-Ǧamāmīz con­nect­ing Bab al-Ḫalq (in the north-east) and es-Sayeda Zainab (in the south-west) ‒ in the 1930s and '40s its southern part was named separetly as Šārʿ al-Labūdīya ‒
definetly not in Būlāq, were the Govern­ment Press was located for 150 years before it was trans­fered to Imbaba in 1972.
I don't know why the 1961 edition of the KFE was not printed in Būlāq, but it seems to the case. My first idea, that the edition was not made by a government subsiduary, but a private enterprise, is unlikely because the 1961 has not a continuous pagination (1-855), but three deparat one (2-827, ا ب غ د ه و , (1) ...(4)) When one reads IN the FRIST (and post '52) print(s)
that the print was ac­complished by 7. Ḏul­ḥigga 1342 (= 10.7.1924), this can not be the date of the pub­lication. It can only be the day when printing of the qurʾānic text was finished. After that this note had to be set, the plates had to be made, the gathe­ring(s) with this note and the infor­ma­tion that follow it in the book had to be printed, all had to be made into a book block and had to be bound (con­nected with the case).
By the time the book was published it was 1343/1925. The cover of the first edition was stamped ṭabʿat al-ḥukūma al-Miṣrīya sanat 1343 hiǧriyya.
Bibligraphicaly speaking, the date given on page [ص] can be used, but in real life, the book was pub­lished only in the following year.
The Hounds of God and their handmaid did not know a thing about the King Fuʾād Edition, they even used a picture from the 1952 edition to illustrate the 1924 one.
Okay, not everybody knows the 1924 Gizeh print has never been reprinted, that the next edition was made in Būlāq on newly aquired machines with newly made plates in a different formate and with changes in the back matter, that the third edition had a word spelled differently,
but almost every­body not ignorant of all things qur'anic knows, that the 1952 edition is a new edition ‒ dif­ferent at 900 places.
Normally it is best to con­centrate on the editions itselfs, to scan them for dif­feren­ces, to read their back­matter carefuly, but there are two texts on the 1924 edition worth studying:
Gotthelf Bergsträßer's "Koran­lesung in Kairo" in Der Islam 20,1, (1932) pp. 1-42
and Abd al-Fattāḥ (ibn ʿAbd al-Ġanī) al-Qāḍī's Tārīḫ al-Muṣ­ḥaf aš-Šarīf (esp. pp. 59-66 in the 1952 edition by Maktabat al-Jundī).
Abd al-Fattāḥ al-Qāḍī writes of three editions:
al-Muḫallalātī's of 1308/1890
al-Ḥusainī al-Ḥaddād's of 1342/1924
aḍ-Ḍabbāġ's of 1371/1952 on which he participated as one of the editors.

Back to the copies at our disposale: IDEO has one from 1354/1935
the first edition can be found in Berlin, Munich (BsB and in the Academy of Sciences), Bonn, Kiel, Basel, Zürich (UZH), Nijme­gen, Leiden
the 1344/1925 edition in Münster, Berlin (FUB), Kiel
1346/1927/8 in Leiden, Tübingen, Freiburg
1347/1928/9 in Würzburg, Munich, Erlangen-N, Bayreuth, Hamburg, Halle, Berlin (HU), Greifs­wald, Bamberg, Gießen, Kiel, Wien, Kopenhagen, Provo UT (BYU),
1936 Beirut (USJ)
many have a copy of the NEW King Fuʾād Edition of 1952
Berlin has two from 1952, one from before the revolu­tion mentioning King Fuʾād on page [alif], one with the page and its empty verso thrown out
Jena, Erfurt, Göttingen, Hamburg, Bamberg, Erlangen-N, Marburg, Eichstätt, Bonn, Mannheim, Munich (BSB & LMU) Stuttgart, Tübingen, Leiden, Freiburg, Stockholm, VicAlbert, Aix-Marseille, Madrid, Edinburgh U, Oxford, Binghamton NY, Allegheny PA, Columbus (OSU)

The second edition (1344) was reprinted by Maṭbaʿa al-ʿarabiyya in the 1930s, by the Chinese Muslim Society in Bakīn 1955 (without the page mention­ing the king and with chinized graphics and probably by Mak­ta­bat al-Šarq al-Islā­miyya wa-Maṭbaʻa­tuhā in 1357/1938 ‒ I say "probably" because it could be a repro­duction of the third or even later edition.
In 1938 the Nizam of Hyderabad had the text set with sorts he had bought from Būlāq, it was printed in two volumes along Pickthall's English translation in two volumes and reprinted by Gaddafi's Islamic Call Society ‒ plus a French version alongside D.Masson's translation.

The 1952 edition, aḍ-Ḍabbāġ's edition, was reprinted a lot:
1379/1960 in Taš­kent/Ṭaš­qend
in Bairut/Damas­cus often mostly with an added ن in 73:20 (one of these was reprinted in ʿAmmān and made it into the web archive There were reproduction on less than 827 pages: the 1952 edition was photo­graphed 1:1, the film was cut and re­arranged on a light table. Instead of 12 lines per page, we get 14 or 15 longer lines,
1983 in Qaṭar and in Germany. The German edition was made to­gether with the Islamic Text Society (ITS), Cambridge.
Since its ISBN is a German one, I guess, the pub­lishing place is Stutt­gart, not Cam­bridge or London.
There were three editions: big and medium size leather bound, and a big one in cloth. The qurʾānic text is a reprint of the 1952 al-Amīriyya edition, the back matter was fresh­ly set (not as neat as the original ‒ a pity!
As a rule, 827 page editions without title page are by the Govern­ment Press,
those with a title page are by private or non-Egyptian pub­lishers ‒
the From­mann-Holz­boog/ITS is the only non-Amīriy­ya one with­out title page, no titel on the cover, nor the spine.

The text of 1952 was published by the Government Press after 1976 for about ten years freshly set on 525 pages in several formats: with plastic cover, cartboard, leather, small, medium and large ‒ quite a success for a decade ‒ the last reprint was 1988 in Qaṭar.
And then came ʿUṯmān Ṭaha on 604 pages ‒ first with 100% the same text, later with different spelling at 2:72 and 73:20 and (most ? all ?) lāʾ pauses gone.

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