Būlāq 1299/1881/2

As far as we know the first Egyptian muṣ­ḥaf was type set in 1299/1881/2 in der Govern­ment Press Būlāq
it did not have verse numbers but empty space to be filled out by scribes.

Turkey and Syria: Computer Set

Although Turkey has excellent maṣāḥif both based on old and on new manuscripts,
it has the ugliest muṣḥaf that sold well.
In the 1990s Turks not used to Arabic writing liked this:

Now they take a PC set one, like

(I hight­light­ed /fī/ and /fĭ/ and the hamza after a highly re­com­mend­ed pause.)

the last one is published by Diyanet İşleri Başkanlığı (Directorate of Religious Affairs).

In Syria in the middle of the civil war the minstry of auqāf published a new standard mushaf:

‒ ­

Turkey and Syria: Calligraphers

Both in Turkey, like Mehmet Özçay

by Muhammad (Mehmet) Abay

Hüseyin Kutlu:

and in Syria there are great calligraphers, here al-Bārī

ʿUṯmān Ṭaha




Abū ʿUmar ʿUbaidah Muḥammad Ṣāliḥ al-Banki / ابو عمرعبيدة محمد صالح البنكي

Efim A. Rezvan

I intended to para­phrase the good points and correct the bad ones in Efim A.Rezvan's "A History of Printed Edi­tions of the Qur’an" in The Oxford Handbook of QUR­’ANIC STU­DIES.
Unfortunate­ly the first part is about manu­scripts and other non-print matters.
The part about the St.Pe­ters­burg and Kazan Qurʾāns is fine ‒ but not new.
The section on prints after Kazan (pp 268-270) is all wrong, not worth a critique.

picture: https://mnaber.org/img/cache/thumbnail/pZEanzZW1ilzNgi4DQVqO0vo96q0wLpj1lIKFzY0

Best Sellers

The first best selling print was St.Petersburg-Kazan:

Next came "the Flügel" published 1834 in Leipzig by the publishing house Tauch­nitz, which pirated it in 1837 with an edition officially by Gustav Reds­lob, but basicly the Flügel without paying him: both were best sellers but only among orienta­lists.
By that time both in Iran and India printing maṣāḥif had began, but only after 1865 they were mass produced, and affordable.
Since they were even sold in the Ottoman empire, the ban against printing the scripture was lifted: So maṣāḥif written by Hafiz Osman and Muṣ­ṭafā Naẓīf Qadir­ġalī became best selling in Istanbul, Syria and Egypt.

here one of serval MNQ from Tehran

The important editions by Muḫalla­lātī and al-Ḥusainī al-Ḥaddād (HH) did not sell well ‒ the KFE at least not to Egyptians; they prefered the 522 pages written by Muṣṭafā Naẓīf Qadir­ġalī ‒ now often in the reform /Andalu­sian/ HH ortho­graphy, but at least until 1967 in new editiona in the original ottoman spelling.
on the left from a 1981 MNQ Cairo edition on 522 pages, on the right the original:

a MZQ from Bairut

The top seller in Egypt was a line by line copy of the MNQ 522pager written by Muḥammad Saʿd Ibrāhīm al-Ḥaddād famous under the name of the publisher: aš-Šamarlī.

What is mistly ignored: Šamarlī published MNQ in the new orthography even in the 1960s:

The government press, al-Amīriyya, tried to compete: in 1976 they produced a type set version with 15 lines on 525 pages. For more than a decade they made at least four different sizes: from small in flexibel plastic to Mosque size.

on the left from the pocket version 1977, on the right the normal one

the large Qaṭarī reprint 1988

Although the KFE was almost only sold to oritentalists, in the seventies many publisher "remade" it on there light tables (layout tables): the cut films they had made of the 12 liner and rearranged them: either just more lines on a page

or more and longer lines:

some editions with tafsir keep the original pages

other rearange the text

None of these were best sellers, but combined that distributed the new spelling in spite of the KFE being extremely unpopular.

Now in the Arab world and Malaysia ʿUṯmān Ṭaha versions dominate.
In India and Bangla Desh reprints of Tāj Comp. Ltd version can be found everywhere, while in Pakistan there is fierce competion.
In South Africa Taj's 848 pages 13liner dominates, although the latest version of WII (Waterval Islamic Institute) is set in a UT like font.

one change made

while 2:264 was a mistake made inadvertently in Cairo

on 56:2 Qaṭar made a conscious change

Because 55:2 is written without alif in Al-Mushaf Al-Sharif Attributed to Uthman Bin Affan in the Topkapı Palace published by Tayyar Altıkulaç (İSAM) who adviced the Qaṭāris they followed the old manuscript.