that it is type printed ‒ it is type set, but offset printed
that it established Ḥafṣ ʿan ʿĀṣim as the most widespread reading
‒ the three gun powder empires, Ottoman, Timurid, Safavid ‒ and the Mamelukes before ‒, did that,
because for their non-Arabic elites that reading is the easiest,
because closest to Standard Arabic
that it fixed the text once and for all ‒ in reality the oral text was fixed centuries ago,
the written text had minor variations, AS HAS the KFE and its descendants.
Here I will not write about the more than 600 changes that the 1952 edition brought in the qurʾānic text (including the sura title boxes), but just about one word in 73:20: /allan/.
This is not about /allan/ in general.
At most places it has a fixed spelling,
e.g. 18:48 الن at 72:12 ان لن just about 73:20 where we find a back and forth:
In 1924 (in the Giza print) we have لن in the first line unchanged in the first small Būlāq print changed in 1347/1928/9 ان لن back in 1952 الن the same in the small edition of 1955 الن and in the small edition of 1962 ‒ الن But in 1959: ان لن
(Havards holds all these editions ‒ Muḥammad Hozien took the pictures)
So far for real KFEs, which means
‒ published by the Government Press/Amiriyya
‒ no title page = [p.1] is completly empty
‒ an-nās on p. 827
‒ 12 lines per page
‒ catch word on each right page
‒ ǧuz, ḥizb, saǧada, sakta in cartouches on the margin
‒ text after an-nās with (simplified) abǧad pagination
‒ big format (27 x 19 cm) printed by the Survey of Egypt)1 in Giza and after 1952 in šāriʿ al-labbūdīya 11, on the press of Dār al-Kutub
small format (20 x 15 cm) printed by the Amiriyya itself in Būlāq
(when a library has a 24 cm codex it is a cut and rebound big edition)
‒ no duʿāʾ ‒ a secular edition, by and for the state, not al-Azhar, as often claimed
‒ no eulogies after ʿUṯmān bn ʿAffān, ʿAlī bn Abī Ṭālib etc. in the information after the qurʾānic text
‒ no ribbon bookmark
Let's move on to "reprints" by private printers or foreign states.
China Bekin 1955 (1924 text ‒ without dedication to Fuʾād) ‒ الن Sowjet Uzbekistan, Taškend 1960 (1952 ‒ without dedication to Fuʾād) ‒ الن Cairo Šarikat al-Iʿalānāt aš-šarqiya 1961 الن Jordan, first (1977, 4th edition) ‒ centered footer page number ‒ الن Jordan, second (1993, reprint of Bairut/Damaskus 1975, with yellow floral frame that disappeared due to high contrast) ‒ centered dash‑enclosed footer page number ‒ ان لن Bairut 1977 ‒ الن Bairut Dār al-Qurʾān (Muḥammad Baṣṣām al-Istwānī) 1398/1978
(the ribbon bookmark on the bottom of the images shows that it not an KFE) ‒ ان لن Paris Dār al-Fikr 1981 (with french on opposite page) ‒ الن Kuwait Mogahwi Press (Ministry of Auqāf) 1981 ‒ الن Qaṭar 1985 ‒ with added nūn : ان لن Bairut Dār al-lubnānī 1985, with Maḥmūd al-Ḥuṣarī as approving authority ‒ with nūn ان لن :
With tafsīr ‒ here with nūn ان لن :
And as last group: private editions with the KFE set text, but rearrangedMuṣḥaf al-Malik, Cairo 1935 ‒ without nūn الن : Cairo ʿAbd ar-Raḥmān Muḥammad/Dār al-Muṣḥaf 1971 ‒ with nūn ان لن : Bairut 1983 ‒ with nūn ان لن : Damascus 1983 Marwān Sawār ‒ with nūn ان لن : Neither a reprint, nor a rearrangement of KFE set lines, but a reSet is the Hyderabad edition of 1938. It has been photomechanical reproduced in London (i.a. for Sharja), Islamabad, and Bairut (for the Libyan World Islamic Call Society).
See what the Indians did ‒ without extra nūn ‒, London reprint for Sharjah: what was made for the Libyans (squeezed in nūn): In 1976 die Amiriyya switched from the KFE to Muṣḥaf al-Azhar aš-Šarīf ‒ without nūn:: In 1979 the first (?) ʿUṯmān Taha muṣḥaf was published by Dār aš-Šāmiya on 603 pages in Damascus ‒ without nūn: Three years later the World Association of Muslim Youth, Riaḍ published it unchanged On Xmas 1983 in Tehran it was published WITH a change Since than from Çağrı Yayınları in Istanbul ‒ without nūn ‒ and from Madina (with a nūn !)





































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